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China's plastic machinery industry on the eve of WTO accessi
After nearly half a century of rapid development, plastic has become one of the important basic raw materials for the construction and development of human society. The application of plastics covers almost all industrial and agricultural fields involved in human beings. By the end of 1997, the world's plastic products production had reached 1.5x105 kt, which has greatly exceeded the annual output of steel worldwide by volume. In recent years, China's plastic products production has been in the forefront of the world. At the end of 1997, the total output of synthetic resin in China reached 6,230 kt, ranking fifth in the world after the United States, Japan, Germany and South Korea; the output of plastic products has exceeded 15,700 kt, ranking second in the world with Japan after the United States. According to the conservative estimates of relevant experts, the output of China's plastic products will exceed 16,000 kt in 1999, ranking second in the world. It can be considered that China has become a major producer of plastic products in the world. The plastics machinery industry as a specialized industry providing plastics manufacturing equipment has also grown with the development of the entire plastics industry. As a major producer of plastic products, China not only has a vast and large-capacity plastic machinery consumer market, but also has a large number of plastic machinery manufacturing, manufacturing companies and research institutes. The consumption of plastic machinery in China for several consecutive years is either the world's first or second in terms of the number of units or the amount. According to the international statistics, the average annual consumption of plastic machinery in China in recent years is about 1.5 billion US dollars, equivalent to about 13 billion yuan / a; China's domestic plastic machinery annual sales of about 5 billion yuan, In terms of the number of units, its annual output has ranked first in the world for several consecutive years, basically meeting the general needs of domestic production. Therefore, we can think that China's plastic machinery industry, which has developed since the late 1950s and has been developing for 40 years, has formed a professional system with considerable scale, certain level and complete product categories, and an industrial pattern spread across the country. It has and will continue to play a more important role in the development of our national economy.
1 Development status of plastic machinery industry
1.1 Industry Status
At present, there are more than 600 plastic machinery manufacturers in China, with more small and medium-sized enterprises, only 1% of large-scale enterprises, 2% of enterprise groups, and 20% of joint-stock enterprises. There are nearly 20 professional and related technology research units, and more than 10 colleges and universities with this major. The number of employees in the industry is 150,000, and the proportion of engineers and technicians is 10%. The present value of fixed assets in the whole industry is about 6 billion yuan, annual sales is 5 billion yuan, and the sales profit rate is 7%-8%. The trade volume is about 50 million US dollars. The main products of the industry can be divided into 19 categories, 53 different types, hundreds of varieties. Mainly mixed batching equipment, injection molding machine, extrusion production line, hollow molding machine, rolling production line All kinds of secondary processing equipment and all kinds of ancillary equipment. The products are mainly low-end and general-purpose. The overall technical level of the main products is equivalent to the level of the international advanced technology countries in the early 1980s, and some products have reached the mid-to-late level in the 1980s. A few products are close to the level of the 1990s, and very few products are in a leading position in theory and practice. Most domestic enterprises have a large organizational structure. The scale of each type of ownership is compared with that of foreign advanced enterprises (by sales). Smaller. Compared with the developed areas of the plastics industry, the industrial layout of plastic machinery presents a relatively obvious regional. In recent years, China's plastic machinery Under the rapid development of the plastics industry, the production has shown supernormal high-speed development, but it basically belongs to the disorderly development of the early stage of the free market economy. Due to the repeated construction of the plastics processing industry, a large number of equipment manufacturers compete to copy and grab. The phenomenon of producing hotspot equipment has also followed. In addition, there is often a structural excess, and the market competition mode is at a low level such as a vicious price war.
1.2 Major achievements in industry ridicule and development
China's plastic machinery industry rose in the '50s. Before the reform and opening up, most enterprises concentrated on the original light industry and mechanical systems, with small scale, backward equipment and weak technical strength. Technically, it mainly uses the mapping and imitation of imported prototypes as a means, with few varieties of products, low level of technology, different standards, low mold development capability, poor supporting ability, and lack of complete supply capacity. After the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the plastics industry, the market demand for plastic molding processing equipment has increased significantly. Many enterprises have introduced advanced technology and design and digested and absorbed from foreign countries through joint ventures, cooperation and purchase of manufacturing licenses with similar foreign companies. This has made China's plastic machinery industry have a significant jump, and the products have initially satisfied plastic processing. General needs of industry. In the 1990s, due to the continuous emergence of new plastic materials, the application of plastics has expanded rapidly from general civil and agricultural to almost all industrial fields, such as automobiles, home appliances, construction, packaging, installation, communication, and computer industries. Plastic machinery manufacturers have also broken the pattern that is mostly confined to light industry, machinery and chemical systems. They are rapidly emerging in various industrial systems and military and township enterprises, and rely on the key development areas of the plastics industry. Adaptation, thus forming a more obvious regional structure layout. For example, the production of injection molding machines is relatively concentrated in southern Guangdong, Zhejiang, Ningbo, Shanghai, and Wuxi in Jiangsu. The extrusion production line is relatively concentrated in Shandong and Shanghai in the east, Wuhan and Henan in the middle, and Beijing in the north. Dalian and other cities; plastic weaving equipment is mainly concentrated in Changzhou, Jiangsu and Lanzhou, Gansu; co-rotating twin-screw extruders are mainly in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Lanzhou and Dalian; mixed equipment mainly in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu and parts of Liaoning; The key components of the molding machine and the injection molding machine are mostly in Zhoushan in Zhejiang and Nanjing in Jiangsu. The various types of molds are concentrated in the Huangyan area of Zhejiang and some areas in Anhui. After the development of the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" to the present period of nearly 20 years, China's plastic machinery industry has begun to take shape, and has already formed a necessary equipment for the plastics processing industry, ranking first in the field of light industrial machinery. A force that cannot be ignored in the entire machinery industry.
